Canine Hypothyroidism (Small Breeds)

This presentation on Canine Hypothyroidism in small breeds provides a structured and evidence-based overview of thyroid dysfunction in companion dogs. It begins with an introduction, outlining the role of thyroid hormones and the clinical relevance of hypothyroidism. The section on types differentiates primary, secondary, tertiary, congenital, iatrogenic, and euthyroid sick syndrome. A historical review highlights milestones in recognition and diagnostic standardization, while statistics address global prevalence and underreporting in small breeds. The causes section details autoimmune thyroiditis, idiopathic atrophy, congenital malformations, and iatrogenic origins. Risk factors consider breed predisposition, age, sex, genetics, and environmental influences. Clinical signs and symptoms are described across metabolic, dermatological, and neurological categories. Diagnosis emphasizes hormone assays, stimulation tests, and exclusion of systemic disease. Treatment and management focuses on levothyroxine therapy, monitoring, and lifestyle adjustments. The presentation further explores prognosis, a representative case study, and future prospects such as genetic testing and nutritional interventions, before concluding with holistic solutions, conclusion, and references.