Giant Cell Arteritis

Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), also known as temporal arteritis, is a systemic vasculitis affecting large and medium-sized arteries, predominantly in adults over 50. This presentation explores the multifaceted aspects of GCA, from its unclear etiology—likely involving genetic, immune, and environmental factors—to its pathogenesis, where immune activation leads to vascular inflammation and ischemia. Highlighting the risks of blindness and stroke if untreated, it details clinical features such as temporal headaches, jaw pain, scalp tenderness, and vision loss. Conventional treatments including corticosteroids and biologics like tocilizumab are reviewed alongside holistic therapies such as stem cell and immunomodulatory approaches. Prevention strategies, prognosis, and future prospects in personalized medicine are also discussed. This comprehensive overview aims to raise awareness on early diagnosis and innovative management to improve patient outcomes in this potentially sight-threatening disease.