Autoimmune Retinopathy

Autoimmune Retinopathy (AIR) is a rare, vision-threatening retinal disorder caused by circulating anti-retinal antibodies that mistakenly target photoreceptors and bipolar cells. The presentation explores both paraneoplastic (pAIR) and non-paraneoplastic (npAIR) forms, emphasizing their distinct triggers, immune responses, and prognoses. It covers the disease’s pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of recoverin and enolase proteins, and its clinical presentation, which includes photopsia, night blindness, and progressive visual field loss despite a deceptively normal fundus. Diagnostic methods such as OCT, ERG, and antibody panels are discussed, alongside treatment strategies like corticosteroids, rituximab, and immunomodulatory therapies. Prognosis depends on early diagnosis, subtype, and therapeutic response. The slides also introduce promising holistic and regenerative solutions, including stem cell therapy and immune modulation. This comprehensive presentation aims to improve awareness, diagnostic precision, and personalized care approaches for this underrecognized but sight-threatening autoimmune eye disease.