Canine Hypothyroidism (Large Breeds)

This presentation on Canine Hypothyroidism in large breeds provides a structured, evidence-based review of the most prevalent endocrine disorder in dogs. It begins with an introduction, defining hypothyroidism and its metabolic implications. The types section categorizes primary, secondary, tertiary, and iatrogenic forms. A historical overview outlines the development of diagnostic understanding, followed by statistics, which highlight prevalence and breed predispositions such as Golden Retrievers, Dobermans, and Great Danes. The causes section explains autoimmune thyroiditis, idiopathic atrophy, congenital anomalies, and iatrogenic effects. Risk factors include breed, age, sex, genetic susceptibility, and environmental exposures. Clinical signs and symptoms are detailed across metabolic, dermatologic, neuromuscular, reproductive, and cardiovascular domains. Diagnosis emphasizes hormone assays, stimulation tests, and exclusion of systemic diseases. Treatment and management describes lifelong levothyroxine supplementation, monitoring, and supportive measures. The presentation further covers prognosis, a representative case study, and future prospects such as genetic screening and biomarker development. Finally, holistic solutions, conclusion, and references summarize integrative and scientifically validated care.