Name: Spinal Cord Injuries and Integrative Possibilities
SKU: 9781662982279
Availability: InStock

Description

Authors
Prof. Dr. Mike K.S. Chan and Dr. Dina Tulina

Published by
EUROPEAN WELLNESS ACADEMY – Medical Research

ISBN: 9781662982279 eISBN: 9781662982286

Library of Congress Control Number: 2026955554

DOI: https://doi.org/10.69669/yg3910

Authors Bio:

Prof. Dato’ Sri Dr. Mike K.S. Chan is Founder & Chairman of the European Wellness Biomedical Group and Chief Researcher/Chief Technical & Research Director across its international R&D programs. A pioneer of cellular therapy since the 1980s, he helped introduce stem cell and bioregenerative medicine across Asia, building a global network of clinics and research centers—today a chain of 40+ integrative and regenerative medical clinics with 1,000+ staff. He serves as ESAAM Scientific Committee Head for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cells and ESAAM Chairman/Director for Asia; Associate Professor (AASCP, USA); Associate Professor (Lincoln University College, Kuala Lumpur); Chairman of the European Wellness Academy; Senator of Germany’s BWA; and Honorary Chief Healthcare Advisor to Swiss Strategic Partners. His portfolio includes multiple international patents in immunotherapy, stem cell transport media, and parenteral formulations, and he is a multi-award recipient in Europe and the Middle East. An active academic collaborator (MIT, Cambridge, USC, UCI, Heidelberg), Prof. Chan has authored/co-authored 70+ books and 180+ scientific publications, and has delivered 1000+ lectures and seminars across 60+ regions on anti-aging, regenerative medicine, peptides, and stem cell therapies.

Dr. Dina Tulina is a Medical Advisor and physician specializing in anti-aging, regenerative medicine, and comprehensive wellness. She integrates preventive, biological, and natural care to promote longevity and vitality beyond conventional practice. At European Wellness Global, she contributes to biomedical innovation with holistic approaches and the translation of research into practical applications. Guided by her belief that true health is balance and vitality, and functional longevity, Dr. Tulina is dedicated to shaping the future of personalized and preventive healthcare.

Table of Content

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION	1
Epidemiology of Spinal Cord Injury	6
Global Burden	7
Incidence	9
Prevalence	11
Age Distribution	14
Gender Distribution	16
Geographic Variation	17
Mechanisms of Injury	19
Major Mechanical Mechanisms	21
Secondary Biological Injury	22
Common Mechanisms of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury	22
Non-traumatic Spinal Cord Injury	23
Mortality	25
Socioeconomic Burden	28
Emerging Epidemiological Trends	29
Key Epidemiological Facts	32
Definition and Types of Spinal Cord Injury	33
Definition	33
Classification of Spinal Cord Injury	34
Risk factors	39
Demographic Risk Factors	40
Gender	43
Biological Risk Factors	43
Behavioral Risk Factors	44
Occupational Risk Factors	45
Sports and Recreational Risk Factors	47
Environmental Risk Factors	47
Socioeconomic Risk Factors	48
Medical Risk Factors	49
Injury-Specific Risk Factors	50
Modifiable and Non-modifiable Risk Factors	51
Prevention and Public Health Perspectives	52
Summary of Major Risk Factors for Spinal Cord Injury	53
CHAPTER II DIAGNOSIS	55
Early Recognition	56
Neurological Localization	56
Identification of Injury Severity	56
Evaluation of Spinal Stability	57
Recognition of Associated Injuries	58
Diagnostic Objectives	58
Diagnostic Approach	59
Clinical Importance of Early Diagnosis	60
Initial Clinical Assessment and Primary Trauma Evaluation	60
Primary Trauma Evaluation: The ABCDE Approach	62
Clinical Suspicion of Spinal Cord Injury	68
History Taking	68
Red Flags Suggestive of Spinal Cord Injury	70
Early Neurological Screening	71
ASIA/ISNCSCI Examination	72
Imaging Evaluation	73
Computed Tomography	74
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	75
Plain Radiography	76
Advanced Imaging	77
Electrophysiological Assessment	79
Laboratory Investigations	80
Differential Diagnosis	81
Diagnosis of Non-traumatic Spinal Cord Injury	83
Pediatric Considerations	84
Geriatric Considerations	85
Diagnostic Challenges and Pitfalls	87
Emerging Diagnostic Technologies and Biomarkers	87
Summary Tables and Diagnostic Algorithm	88
Classification of Spinal Cord Injury	89
Conventional Approaches for the Management of Spinal Cord Injury	98
Principles of Conventional Management	99
Phases of Conventional Management	101
Multidisciplinary Care	104
Neurological Monitoring	106
Prevention of Secondary Complications	106
Psychosocial Support	107
Long-Term Health Maintenance	108
Contemporary Perspective	109
CHAPTER III BIOMATERIALS AND MECHANISMS OF MANAGEMENT	111
An Integrative Neurobiological Perspective	111
Molecular Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury	113
Cellular Mechanisms and Biological Potential	114
Biological Basis of Stem Cell Function	116
SCs and Their Biological Roles	118
Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Stem Cell Biology	121
Summary Table: Cellular Mechanisms of SCs in SCI	124
Cellular Replacement and Regeneration	125
Table: Summary of the function of brain cells	125
Cellular Components Involved in Spinal Cord Injury: Biological Functions and Their Contribution to Recovery	128
Cellular Neuroscience and the Biology of Recovery	137
Integrative Cellular Approaches and Their Contribution to Functional Recovery	139
Contemporary Biological Perspective	142
Key Biological Concepts Derived from Cellular Neuroscience	142
Nano-Peptide–Based Approaches	144
Biological Basis of Nano-Peptide Approaches	145
Biological Targets of Nano-Peptides in Spinal Cord Injury	148
Nano-Peptides Acting on Major Cellular Components	150
Major Classes of Bioactive Nano-Peptides	152
Current Perspective	153
Mitochondria and Their Biological Significance	153
Biological Functions of Mitochondria	154
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Following Spinal Cord Injury	156
Mitochondrial Dynamics	158
Biological Benefits of Healthy Mito-organells Function	160
CHAPTER IV PHYSIOTHERAPY	165
Biological Basis of Physiotherapy	167
Goals of Physiotherapy in Spinal Cord Injury	169
Physiotherapy Across the Continuum of Care	169
Major Components of Physiotherapy	171
Summary Table	175
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) in Spinal Cord Injury	176
Physiological Principles of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy	178
Biological Basis of HBOT in SCI.	178
Cellular Mechanisms of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy	180
Integration with Contemporary Neuroscience	184
Current Evidence	184
Future Perspectives	185
Ozone–Oxygen Therapy	185
Biological Principles of Ozone–Oxygen Therapy	187
Molecular Pathophysiology and Biological Mechanisms	187
Cellular Effects of Ozone–Oxygen Therapy	188
Integration with Contemporary Regenerative Neuroscience	193
Current Scientific Evidence	193
Future Perspectives	194
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)	194
Principles of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation	196
Neurobiological Basis	196
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms	197
Biological Effects on Major Cell Types	200
Molecular Mechanisms	201
Potential Biological Benefits in Spinal Cord Injury	201
Clinical Applications Under Investigation	202
Integration with Contemporary Neurorehabilitation	203
Current Scientific Evidence	203
Morphogenetic Harmonizer System, Scalar Plasma Wave Modulator	205
Rehabilitation	208
Principles of Rehabilitation	209
Biological Basis of Rehabilitation	210
Goals of Rehabilitation	211
Phases of Rehabilitation	212
Subacute Rehabilitation	212
Long-Term Rehabilitation	213
Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Team	213
Components of Rehabilitation	215
Wellness and Health Promotion	219
Emerging Trends in Rehabilitation	220
BIBLIOGRAPHY	223

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