Stroke is a critical medical emergency and a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Within minutes of the stroke or interruption of the blood supply, the affected cells begin to die, potentially leading to devastating neurological consequences. This book explores the science behind stroke, its causes, mechanisms, and management, discussing the biological processes that govern cerebral circulation and mechanisms for repair and recovery potential. The book provides an in-depth look at the biological approach to stroke management, including cellular and molecular mechanisms to understand stroke pathophysiology, from energy failure and excitotoxicity to immune responses and neurodegeneration. The manuscript comprehensively discusses the role of neuropeptides, growth factors, and other biologically active molecules that may aid in brain repair and functional recovery. It also highlights the physiotherapeutic and regenerative strategies, emphasising the importance of neurorehabilitation techniques, including physiotherapy, brain stimulation, and emerging regenerative medicine approaches to enhance recovery. Next, a post-stroke recovery and rehabilitation chapter examines strategies to maximise neurological function, including dietary interventions, physical activity, cognitive therapy, and assistive technologies. Beyond traditional treatment, the book presents how cutting-edge therapies, including stem cell research, neuroplasticity training, and personalised medicine, transform post-stroke care. With advances in neuroscience and regenerative medicine, there is renewed hope for stroke survivors to regain lost function and improve their quality of life. This book offers an insightful and scientifically-backed resource on the biological mechanisms of stroke and the latest advancements in management and rehabilitation.